Be careful about investing in debt

One of the more attractive investments in recent years has been in forms of debt, such as bonds.

Many bonds can be stable assets. But others, such as “high yield” bonds or “junk” bonds, can come with many unforeseen consequences for your portfolio:

be careful with high yield. Understand the risks. For instance, when does the company need to refinance? Can it cover future debt service costs? Does it have any interest rate risk exposure? Are you getting compensated for the risk through the return expected?

Sure, the highs are high if you purchase this risky debt and sell at the right time. But if you’re trying to build a steady portfolio, high yield bonds should not be in consideration.

California voters: pay down our debt!

A poll conducted by USC and the LA Times of California voters shows that voters support paying down the state’s debt with reserve funds, over tax cuts and increasing the emergency fund.

Surprisingly, this was the least popular option:

Fourteen percent said the money should be used to cover the cost of pensions and healthcare for public workers, where the state has faced substantial shortfalls.

This goes to show that voters are increasingly aware of the enormous debts that California has rung up over the past few years. Lawmakers propose using a portion of all tax revenues for a variety of purposes, including debt, long-term costs, and a reserve fund to guard against recessions. The proposed amendment will reach the California ballot in November.

How to manage debt in old age

When you think “debt”, you think a broke college student on a ramen noodle diet.

However, increasingly, more folks in their 50s and 60s or even older are finding themselves deeper in debt.

If your mortgage is paid off and you choose to take out a new mortgage on a new house, you may find yourself in debt through your golden years.

When applying for a 30-year loan later in life, you may be looking at a reality where you will be passing that home (and the loan) onto your heirs when you die.

Also, if you decide to go back to school, be careful about taking on student loan debt. You’ll want to carefully evaluate the value of your education or re-training and weigh it against the desire to go back to school.

Ideally, once you retire, you will choose to scale back on expenses while still maintaining an enjoyable way of life.

How do you consolidate your debt?

Credit card debt is a consistently uphill battle—a Sisyphean task where you feel like once you’re almost to the top, you slide back down the hill again.

Combined with other debts, or multiple credit card, the task becomes even tougher.

There’s a difference between debt consolidation, debt consolidation agencies, and credit counseling.

Credit counseling involves talking you through your debt or talking with your creditors about your debt. The process takes your debt, consolidates it into one monthly payment, and allows you to pay through them.

Debt consolidation agencies are essentially credit counselors. But there is an actual definition for debt consolidation that none of these folks do.

Debt consolidation is “one new loan that will pay off all your existing debt, put you on a fixed monthly payment with a set plan for when the debt will be gone.”

Gone are the days where you’d go to the bank or to a credit union to get a debt consolidation loan. Now, they’re mostly offered by peer-to-peer agencies.

There are many scams, however:

“There are sites out there that look very professional and they typically promise money with very little in terms of credit standards,” Detweiler says.”

Such sites are usually just outlets to obtain your personal information, so do your homework beforehand.

A political solution to the student debt crisis

Student loans are the new political football, with both parties attempting to reach younger voters by trying to do something, anything about the crisis.

However, one unique proposal may be the “Hail Mary” pass from Daniel Oliver, former general counsel to the Department of Education:

Republicans commit, as part of their 2016 platform, to (1) canceling all student loans owed to the federal government and paying off all loans owed to private institutions and (2) eliminating all federal aid, grants, support, etc. to postsecondary educational institutions. It’s a package deal: no elimination of aid, no cancellation of debts.

Under this proposal, the Treasury Department would be even in nine years—which means that with $1 trillion in student loans, nearly $109 billion is spent every year on federal funding for higher education.

While this wouldn’t help students who chose to take on private student loans, this could be a boon to young people trying to overcome student debt—and would change political reality for a generation.

How student loan debt ruins the economy

Student loan debt is at an all time high in America—recently crossing the threshold of $1.1 trillion (with a “T”).

According to the Pew Research Center, those with student loan debt “are less wealthy than graduates without debt, less likely to have a house, and probably holding the economy back.”

First the wealth: college graduates without student loans “have about seven times more wealth than their debtor friends — or $64,700 compared to $8,700 — despite making the same income.”

Also, you can’t foreclose on student loan debt or eject it in bankruptcy—holding back individuals from contributing to the economy as a whole.

If you have a high-school graduate about to enter college or you’re looking to go back to school—the numbers show that it’s better to wait or to choose a lower-priced education. For over a decade afterwards—your wallet will thank you.

If you already have student loan debt—prioritize paying it down. If you go bankrupt, remember—other debts can be ejected. Student loan debt can’t.

How middle class students face the highest student loan debt

The story of student loan debt neglects to mention those hardest hit.

It’s not the wealthy student who takes small loans and pays them off in full and as soon as possible.

It’s also not the poor student who can receive federal grants and aid, then cover the rest of the costs through loans.

It’s the middle class student who is squeezed the most. These students are most likely to earn just enough to not receive grants or any kind of aid, are less likely to qualify for government loans, but still require private loans to cover their costs.

Student loans, in effect, work like a bell curve, with the poorest students and the wealthiest students taking out the least.

As a result, many students who cut back on private schools, go to in-state schools and narrow down expenses are still in a position where they have to take out large student loans to cover tuition, books, and living expenses.

For example, one young woman came from a household with an income of $85,000—not shabby by any means, a disabled mother, and a dependent grandmother. She had to take out nearly $100,000 in student loans to cover four years of expenses, most of which were private loans since her family earned too much to be eligible for federal loans. Some of those private loans required payments during her college education.

Even with a $50,000 a year job after college, she found her student loan payments eating up over $1,400 per month.

Here is how she has to budget:

Moving in with my fiancé’s parents allowed me to allot my saved rent money—and then some—toward saving for the wedding. Now my readjusted monthly budget looks something like this: 45% goes toward my student loans, 40% funnels into our wedding fund, and the remaining 15% is spent on bills, gas, food and any other expenses. I pay for necessities and necessities only. I also contribute 3% to my company’s 401(k), but that comes directly out of my paycheck.

This is a story that can be told across America, where recent graduates have to defer many expenses for over a decade after graduation.

African countries in better debt position than Europe?

It may sound like an email scam, but Nigeria has a better debt-to-GDP ratio than many European countries.

Most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been issuing bonds and increasing their debt like wildfire.

The money obtained for those bonds is being used to build public services.

For example:

Nigeria is funding greater electricity output with its $1.5 billion issuances. Kenya will use its 2014 eurobond money to upgrade power, roads, and seaports. Zambia plans to spend on improved healthcare and railways.

However, the party’s now over. According to S&P, “the heydays of bond offerings from newcomers or from frontier markets, like the African issuers” are behind us.

In just the past two years, African countries have issued over $8 billion—therefore increasing the region’s debt by billions—and downgrading the rating of these countries.

The hope is that the funds will be used responsibly to grow and build economies.

It’s hard to build a country on debt alone. Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa will now rely more heavily on remittance payments from those who have emigrated to other countries.

But the fact remains—these countries are still in a better debt situation than countries like Spain and Greece. Now entire countries are learning the lesson that anyone who has had to balance a household budget knows—debt can be a disaster.

You won’t believe how many students are graduating with debt

Student loan debt has become the norm instead of the exception when it comes to college graduates.

The figures may surprise you:

According to the Project on Student Debt, 71 percent of students who graduated in 2012 had student loan debt, with an average debt of $29,400.

That’s nearly 3 out of every 4 students graduating with debt average to the price of a new car.

With a struggling job market and increasing house prices, prospects aren’t looking good for graduates.

One student claims that she is unable to make the payments immediately on one of her loans and qualifies for a deferment.

However, the loan accumulates $200 per month—in interest. If she defers for one year, she will owe thousands in interest alone, and paying that down still won’t go towards paying down the loan.

Many students are in similar situations where they must “scrape by” financially, paying more towards debt per month than they take home. Debt is no longer a $100/mo expense like a cellphone bill. It has become the largest expense in the lives of many young people with little hope to pay it back anytime soon.

Crisis: Argentina in massive debt

Countries are not immune to getting into large amounts of debt and then having to struggle to get out of it.

For example—Argentina.

Around a century ago, Argentina was on track to become a European-style country. The location and natural resources were bountiful, the population was educated, and residents enjoyed a high standard of living.

However, Argentina suffered a difficult century, from revolutions to dictatorships to a fruitless battle against the UK for the tiny Falkland Islands.

Things came to a head in 2001, when Argentina stunned the world and “stopped payment on roughly $100 billion worth of debt in December 2001 – the largest sovereign default in world history – amid a financial meltdown and economic depression.”

Now, Argentina has just $9.7 billion in unpaid debt, and has finally found a way to settle it through investor group Paris Club, which includes “Austria, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.”

Per the agreement:

Argentina must make a minimum initial payment of $1.15 billion by May 2015 and a second payment by May 2016.
“The scheme offers a framework for a sustainable and definitive solution to the question of arrears due by the Argentine Republic to Paris Club creditors,” the statement said.

It goes to show that no individual and no country is immune to high debt.